1. Overview
Secure connection is mandatory nowadays, almost each device provide security service ass additional to prevent threats or to create secure communication between endpoint. IP Security was defined in RFC 4301 and be standard for each vendor to implement in their device. However, inter-operability test must be done for assure the device can inter-working properly.1.1 Strongswan
StrongSwan is an Open Source IPsec implementation. It was originally based on the discontinued FreeS/WAN project and the X.509 patch that we developed. In order to have a stable IPsec platform to base the extensions of the X.509 capability on, we decided to launch the strongSwan project in 2005.
StrongSwan originally was designed for Linux, but has since been ported to Android, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, Windows and other platforms. The focus of strongSwan is on:
- Simplicity of configuration
- Strong encryption and authentication methods
- Powerful IPsec policies supporting large and complex VPN networks
- Modular design with great expandability
1.2 Integrated Service Adapter of Nokia 7750 SR
Nokia Integrated Service Adapters (ISAs) extend the level of networking functionality and processing capability for integrated services and applications on the Nokia 7750 Service Router (SR) and Nokia 7450 Ethernet Service Switch (ESS). – Nokia IP
Figure 1 - 7750 SR ISA Modul |
With ISA extended module, it’s possible to run many value added service in existing 7750 SR without external appliance, because a single ISA equivalent to multiple external appliances, example: Application Assurance, L2TP Network Service (LNS), Carrier Grade Network Address Translation (CG-NAT) Services, WLAN services, Virtualized Residential Gateway, IPSec services, IP tunneling services, Video services – RET and FCC.
IPSec Service running on MS-ISA, MS-ISA functions as a resource module for the system, providing encapsulation and (for IPSec) encryption functions. The IPSec encryption functions provided by the MS-ISA are applicable for many applications including: encrypted SDPs, video wholesale, site-to-site encrypted tunnel, and remote access VPN concentration. Below the architecture of IPSec implementation in 7750 SR using ISA
Figure 2 - IPSec Implementation Architecture |
From the picture above, there are 2 typical networks are bridged by ISA, they are Public Network or called unsecure/untrusted network, and Private Network or called secure/trusted network. This network met 2 type of service in 7750 SR Box, one is public service that meet public network, and kind of service that implemented is VPRN or IES. Another one is private service that meet private network, VPRN is using for this service. Traffic from the public network may need to be authenticated and encrypted inside an IPSec tunnel to reach the private network. In this way, the authenticity, confidentiality, integrity of accessing the private network can be enforced.
ISA provides a variety of encryption features required to establish bi-directional IPSec tunnels including:
- Control Plane:
- Manual Keying
- Dynamic Keying: IKEv1/v2
- IKEv1 Mode: Main and Aggressive
- Authentication: Pre-Shared-Key /xauth with RADIUS support/X.509v3 Certificate/EAP
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS)
- DPD
- NAT-Traversal
- Security Policy
- Data Plane:
- ESP (with authentication) Tunnel mode
- Authentication Algorithm: MD5/SHA1/SHA256/SHA384/SHA512/AES-XCBC
- Encryption Algorithm: DES/3DES/AES128/AES192/AES256
- DH-Group: 1/2/5/14/15
- Anti-Replay Protection
- N:M IPSec ISA card redundancy
ISA module has 2 logical port called virtual port, this port provide for public and private network, when ISA module acting as IP-tunnel modules. There are two types of tunnel interfaces and SAPs:
- Public tunnel interface: configured in the public service; outgoing tunnel packets have a source IP address in this subnet
- Public tunnel SAP: associated with the public tunnel interface; a logical access point to the MS-ISA card in the public service
- Private tunnel interface: configured in the private service; can be used to define the subnet for remote access IPSec clients.
- Private tunnel SAP: associated with the private tunnel interface, a logical access point to the MS-ISA card in the private service
- Flow traffic in ISA module:
- Outbound Traffic, from private service instance, clear traffic forward to ISA module, then it’s encapsulated. Adding tunnel header then forward it from ISA module to public network using public interface in Public VPRN
- Inbound Traffic, come from public network with encrypted, then the traffic forward it to ISA module. This module has responsibility to decrypt then forward the traffic to private service using private interface
2. Test LAB
2.1 Topology, Interface, and Parameter Information
Below the topology that tested in LAB. There are 1 router 7750 SR with ISA module installed, and Strongswan server.
Figure 3 - LAB Test Topology |
The parameter information:
Figure 4 - Parameter Information |
2.2 Configuration
Below configuration in Strongswan IPSec and 7750 SR
2.2.1. Configuration in 7750-SR
ISA module configuration
A:LAB-7750-SR7# configure card 5 mda 2 mda-type "isa-tunnel"
ISA tunnel configuration
A:LAB-7750-SR7# configure isa tunnel-group 1 A:LAB-7750-SR7>config>isa>tunnel-grp# info ---------------------------------------------- primary 5/2 no shutdown ---------------------------------------------- A:LAB-7750-SR7>config>isa>tunnel-grp#
IKE policy configuration
A:LAB-7750-SR7# configure ipsec ike-policy 1 A:LAB-7750-SR7>config>ipsec>ike-policy# info ---------------------------------------------- ipsec-lifetime 10800 isakmp-lifetime 21600 dpd ---------------------------------------------- A:LAB-7750-SR7>config>ipsec>ike-policy#
ESP authentication and encryption algorithm
A:LAB-7750-SR7# configure ipsec ipsec-transform 1 A:LAB-7750-SR7>config>ipsec>transform# info detail ---------------------------------------------- esp-auth-algorithm sha1 esp-encryption-algorithm aes128 ---------------------------------------------- A:LAB-7750-SR7>config>ipsec>transform#
Public service configuration
A:LAB-7750-SR7# configure service vprn 3 A:LAB-7750-SR7>config>service>vprn# info ---------------------------------------------- route-distinguisher 192.168.200.2:3 interface "to-Internet" create address 10.1.0.1/30 sap 5/1/3:100 create exit exit interface "Public-SecGW-7750-SR7" create address 10.2.0.2/30 tos-marking-state untrusted sap tunnel-1.public:3 create exit exit static-route 10.3.0.0/30 next-hop 10.1.0.2 service-name "Public-Net-SECGW" no shutdown ---------------------------------------------- A:LAB-7750-SR7>config>service>vprn#
Private Service configuration
A:LAB-7750-SR7# configure service vprn 4 A:LAB-7750-SR7>config>service>vprn# info ---------------------------------------------- ipsec security-policy 1 create entry 1 create local-ip 192.168.222.0/24 remote-ip 192.168.223.0/24 exit exit exit route-distinguisher 192.168.200.2:4 interface "Strongswan-Interconnect" tunnel create sap tunnel-1.private:3 create ipsec-tunnel "Strongswan-Interconnect" create security-policy 1 local-gateway-address 10.2.0.1 peer 10.3.0.1 delivery-service 3 dynamic-keying ike-policy 1 pre-shared-key "3k1Eb0el4d" transform 1 exit no shutdown exit exit exit interface "Private-Client-1" create address 192.168.222.1/32 loopback exit static-route 192.168.223.0/24 ipsec-tunnel "Strongswan-Interconnect" service-name "Private-Domain-SecGW"
2.2.2. Configuration in Strongswan
IP route to Security Gateway
[root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-Tunnel_to_SR7 ADDRESS0=10.1.0.0 NETMASK0=255.255.255.252 GATEWAY0=10.3.0.2 METRIC0=100 ADDRESS1=10.2.0.0 NETMASK1=255.255.255.252 GATEWAY1=10.3.0.2 METRIC1=10 [root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]#
Enable Ipfowarding rules
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
Ipsec.conf
[root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]# cat /etc/strongswan/ipsec.conf config setup conn %default ikelifetime=60m keylife=20m rekeymargin=3m keyingtries=1 keyexchange=ikev1 authby=secret conn strongswan-7750SR left=10.3.0.1 leftsubnet=192.168.223.0/24 leftid=10.3.0.1 leftfirewall=yes esp=aes128-sha1 ike=aes128-sha1-modp1024! right=10.2.0.1 rightid=10.2.0.1 rightsubnet=192.168.222.0/24 auto=start [root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]#
Ipsec.secrets
[root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]# cat /etc/strongswan/ipsec.secrets # ipsec.secrets - strongSwan IPsec secrets file 10.3.0.1 10.2.0.1 : PSK 3k1Eb0el4d [root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]#
2.3 Validation
2.3.1. Validation in 7750-SR
ISA card and tunnel validation
A:LAB-7750-SR7# show mda 5/2 =============================================================================== MDA 5/2 =============================================================================== Slot Mda Provisioned Type Admin Operational Equipped Type (if different) State State ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 isa-tunnel up up isa-ms =============================================================================== A:LAB-7750-SR7# A:LAB-7750-SR7# show isa tunnel-group 1 =============================================================================== ISA Tunnel Groups =============================================================================== Tunnel PrimaryIsa BackupIsa ActiveIsa Admin Oper GroupId State State ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 5/2 0/0 5/2 Up Up ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of ISA Tunnel Groups: 1 =============================================================================== A:LAB-7750-SR7#
IKE policy
A:LAB-7750-SR7# show ipsec ike-policy 1 =============================================================================== IPsec IKE policy Configuration Detail =============================================================================== Policy Id : 1 IKE Mode : main DH Group : Group2 Auth Method : psk PFS : False PFS DH Group : Group2 Auth Algorithm : Sha1 Encr Algorithm : Aes128 ISAKMP Lifetime : 21600 IPsec Lifetime : 10800 NAT Traversal : Disabled NAT-T Keep Alive : 0 Behind NAT Only : True DPD : Enabled DPD Interval : 30 DPD Max Retries : 3 Description : (Not Specified) IKE Version : 1 Own Auth Method : symmetric Peer to Cert : No-Match Relay Unsol Attr : (Not Specified) Auto EAP Method : cert Auto EAP Own : cert ===============================================================================
ESP policy
A:LAB-7750-SR7# show ipsec transform 1 ================================================================= IPsec Transforms ================================================================= TransformId EspAuthAlgorithm EspEncryptionAlgorithm ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Sha1 Aes128 -----------------------------------------------------------------
VPRN Public
A:LAB-7750-SR7# show router 3 interface =============================================================================== Interface Table (Service: 3) =============================================================================== Interface-Name Adm Opr(v4/v6) Mode Port/SapId IP-Address PfxState ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Public-SecGW-7750-SR7 Up Up/Down VPRN tunnel-1.publ* 10.2.0.2/30 n/a to-Internet Up Up/Down VPRN 5/1/3:100 10.1.0.1/30 n/a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interfaces : 2 =============================================================================== * indicates that the corresponding row element may have been truncated. A:LAB-7750-SR7# show router 3 route-table =============================================================================== Route Table (Service: 3) =============================================================================== Dest Prefix[Flags] Type Proto Age Pref Next Hop[Interface Name] Metric ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.1.0.0/30 Local Local 03h24m39s 0 to-Internet 0 10.2.0.0/30 Local Local 03h24m39s 0 Public-SecGW-7750-SR7 0 10.3.0.0/30 Remote Static 03h24m39s 5 10.1.0.2 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of Routes: 3 Flags: n = Number of times nexthop is repeated B = BGP backup route available L = LFA nexthop available S = Sticky ECMP requested =============================================================================== A:LAB-7750-SR7# ping router 3 10.3.0.1 count 5 PING 10.3.0.1 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 10.3.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.689ms. 64 bytes from 10.3.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.729ms. 64 bytes from 10.3.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.633ms. 64 bytes from 10.3.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.619ms. 64 bytes from 10.3.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=7.99ms. ---- 10.3.0.1 PING Statistics ---- 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.00% packet loss round-trip min = 0.619ms, avg = 2.13ms, max = 7.99ms, stddev = 2.93ms A:LAB-7750-SR7#
VPRN Private
A:LAB-7750-SR7# show router 4 interface =============================================================================== Interface Table (Service: 4) =============================================================================== Interface-Name Adm Opr(v4/v6) Mode Port/SapId IP-Address PfxState ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Private-Client-1 Up Up/Down VPRN loopback 192.168.222.1/32 n/a Strongswan-Interconnect Up Up/Down VPRN I* tunnel-1.priv* - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interfaces : 2 =============================================================================== * indicates that the corresponding row element may have been truncated. A:LAB-7750-SR7# show router 4 route-table =============================================================================== Route Table (Service: 4) =============================================================================== Dest Prefix[Flags] Type Proto Age Pref Next Hop[Interface Name] Metric ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 192.168.222.1/32 Local Local 03h46m49s 0 Private-Client-1 0 192.168.223.0/24 Remote Static 03h20m31s 5 Strongswan-Interconnect (IPsec Tunnel)(Stron*" 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of Routes: 2 Flags: n = Number of times nexthop is repeated B = BGP backup route available L = LFA nexthop available S = Sticky ECMP requested =============================================================================== * indicates that the corresponding row element may have been truncated.
Tunnel information
A:LAB-7750-SR7# show ipsec tunnel =============================================================================== IPsec Tunnels =============================================================================== TunnelName LocalAddress SvcId Admn Keying SapId RemoteAddress DlvrySvcId Oper Sec Plcy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Strongswan-Interconnect 10.2.0.1 4 Up Dynamic tunnel-1.private:3 10.3.0.1 3 Up 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IPsec Tunnels: 5 =============================================================================== A:LAB-7750-SR7# show ipsec tunnel tunnel tunnel-template A:LAB-7750-SR7# show ipsec tunnel "Strongswan-Interconnect" =============================================================================== IPsec Tunnel Configuration Detail =============================================================================== Service Id : 4 Sap Id : tunnel-1.private:3 Tunnel Name : Strongswan-Interconnect Description : None Local Address : 10.2.0.1 Remote Address : 10.3.0.1 Delivery Service : 3 Security Policy : 1 Admin State : Up Oper State : Up Last Oper Change : 05/30/2016 19:43:25 Keying Type : Dynamic Replay Window : None Match TrustAnchor: N/A TrustAnchor : N/A Cert File : (Not Specified) Key File : (Not Specified) Local Id Type : none Clear DF Bit : false IP MTU : max Pkt Too Big : true Encap IP MTU : max Pkt Too Big Num : 100 Pkt Too Big Intvl: 10 secs Oper Flags : None Host MDA : 5/2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Target Address Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Destination IP IP Resolved Status ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No Entries Found ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BFD Interface ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BFD Designate : no ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dynamic Keying Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transform Id1 : 1 Transform Id2 : None Transform Id3 : None Transform Id4 : None Ike Policy Id : 1 Auto Establish : disabled Pre Shared Key : 3k1Eb0el4d Certificate Status Verify ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Primary : crl Secondary : none Default Result : revoked ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISAKMP-SA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Up Established : 05/30/2016 19:43:26 Lifetime : 3600 Expires : 05/30/2016 20:43:26 ISAKMP Statistics -------------------- Tx Packets : 45 Rx Packets : 49 Tx Errors : 0 Rx Errors : 0 Tx DPD : 40 Rx DPD : 0 Tx DPD ACK : 0 Rx DPD ACK : 40 DPD Timeouts : 0 Rx DPD Errors : 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IPsec-SA : 1, Inbound (index 2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type : Dynamic SPI : 322566 Auth Algorithm : Sha1 Encr Algorithm : Aes128 Installed : 05/30/2016 19:58:47 Lifetime : 1200 Aggregate Statistics -------------------- Bytes Processed : 1344 Packets Processed: 16 Crypto Errors : 0 Replay Errors : 0 SA Errors : 0 Policy Errors : 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IPsec-SA : 1, Outbound (index 1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type : Dynamic SPI : 3283292661 Auth Algorithm : Sha1 Encr Algorithm : Aes128 Installed : 05/30/2016 19:58:47 Lifetime : 1200 Aggregate Statistics -------------------- Bytes Processed : 2184 Packets Processed: 26 Crypto Errors : 0 Replay Errors : 0 SA Errors : 0 Policy Errors : 0 =============================================================================== Fragmentation Statistics =============================================================================== Encapsulation Overhead : 73 Pre-Encapsulation Fragmentation Count : 0 Last Fragmented Packet Size : 0 Post-Encapsulation Fragmentation Count : 0 Last Fragmented Packet Size : 0 =============================================================================== =============================================================================== A:LAB-7750-SR7#
2.2.2. Validation in Strongswan
IP Route
[root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]# ip route default via 10.3.0.2 dev enp0s9 proto static metric 100 10.0.2.0/30 dev enp0s8 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.2.1 metric 100 10.2.0.0/30 via 10.3.0.2 dev enp0s9 proto static metric 10 10.3.0.0/30 dev enp0s9 proto kernel scope link src 10.3.0.1 metric 100 192.168.223.0/24 dev enp0s3 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.223.101 metric 100 [root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]# ping 10.2.0.1 -c 5 PING 10.2.0.1 (10.2.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.2.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=10.9 ms 64 bytes from 10.2.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=19.3 ms 64 bytes from 10.2.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=17.1 ms 64 bytes from 10.2.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=15.5 ms 64 bytes from 10.2.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=62 time=13.4 ms --- 10.2.0.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4007ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 10.905/15.295/19.358/2.922 ms [root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]#
Strongswan status
[root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]# strongswan statusall Status of IKE charon daemon (strongSwan 5.3.2, Linux 3.10.0-327.18.2.el7.x86_64, x86_64): uptime: 3 minutes, since May 30 08:47:49 2016 malloc: sbrk 1593344, mmap 0, used 458784, free 1134560 worker threads: 11 of 16 idle, 5/0/0/0 working, job queue: 0/0/0/0, scheduled: 2 loaded plugins: charon aes des rc2 sha1 sha2 md4 md5 random nonce x509 revocation constraints acert pubkey pkcs1 pkcs8 pkcs12 pgp dnskey sshkey pem openssl fips-prf gmp xcbc cmac hmac ctr ccm curl attr kernel-netlink resolve socket-default farp stroke vici updown eap-identity eap-md5 eap-gtc eap-mschapv2 eap-tls eap-ttls eap-peap xauth-generic xauth-eap xauth-pam xauth-noauth dhcp Listening IP addresses: 192.168.223.101 10.0.2.1 10.3.0.1 Connections: strongswan-7750SR: 10.3.0.1...10.2.0.1 IKEv1 strongswan-7750SR: local: [10.3.0.1] uses pre-shared key authentication strongswan-7750SR: remote: [10.2.0.1] uses pre-shared key authentication strongswan-7750SR: child: 192.168.223.0/24 === 192.168.222.0/24 TUNNEL Security Associations (1 up, 0 connecting): strongswan-7750SR[1]: ESTABLISHED 3 minutes ago, 10.3.0.1[10.3.0.1]...10.2.0.1[10.2.0.1] strongswan-7750SR[1]: IKEv1 SPIs: 2eb3603cf4ec87d9_i* c2bbb779a3cc5cdb_r, pre-shared key reauthentication in 50 minutes strongswan-7750SR[1]: IKE proposal: AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024 strongswan-7750SR{1}: INSTALLED, TUNNEL, reqid 1, ESP SPIs: cf585cad_i 00070b3e_o strongswan-7750SR{1}: AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96, 0 bytes_i, 0 bytes_o, rekeying in 11 minutes strongswan-7750SR{1}: 192.168.223.0/24 === 192.168.222.0/24 [root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]#
Ip xfrm state
[root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]# ip -s xfrm state src 10.3.0.1 dst 10.2.0.1 proto esp spi 0x00070b3e(461630) reqid 1(0x00000001) mode tunnel replay-window 32 seq 0x00000000 flag af-unspec (0x00100000) auth-trunc hmac(sha1) 0xbea2db15e8a524f5383a3178eddc9d4283b85869 (160 bits) 96 enc cbc(aes) 0x346b0bc307800505395676db7d125628 (128 bits) lifetime config: limit: soft (INF)(bytes), hard (INF)(bytes) limit: soft (INF)(packets), hard (INF)(packets) expire add: soft 994(sec), hard 1200(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2016-05-30 08:47:50 use - stats: replay-window 0 replay 0 failed 0 src 10.2.0.1 dst 10.3.0.1 proto esp spi 0xcf585cad(3478674605) reqid 1(0x00000001) mode tunnel replay-window 32 seq 0x00000000 flag af-unspec (0x00100000) auth-trunc hmac(sha1) 0x7cdae981dad7bb11d948764fb49cb79bc30279bb (160 bits) 96 enc cbc(aes) 0x8fbc00264591c8555b20af85191d778e (128 bits) lifetime config: limit: soft (INF)(bytes), hard (INF)(bytes) limit: soft (INF)(packets), hard (INF)(packets) expire add: soft 922(sec), hard 1200(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2016-05-30 08:47:50 use - stats: replay-window 0 replay 0 failed 0 [root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]#
Ip route table list 220
[root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]# ip route list table 220 192.168.222.0/24 via 10.3.0.2 dev enp0s9 proto static src 192.168.223.101 [root@strongswan-achyarnurandidotnet-s1 ~]#
Snip packet Information
Figure 5 - ISAKMP Packet Capture |
Figure 6 - ESP Packet Capture |
Below, the documentation video about this lab.
3. Reference
- Nokia. 2016. 7450 ESS and 7750 SR Multiservice Integrated Service Adapter Guide
- Linux foundation. iproute2. http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/iproute2 (Accessed: 21 March 2016)
- Strongswan. About Strongswan. https://www.strongswan.org/about.html (Accessed: 2 January 2016)S
- Strongswan. Strongswan IKEv1 Cipher Suites. https://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/IKEv1CipherSuites . (Accessed: 2 January 2016)
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